Thyrotoxicosis Merging into Hashimoto's Disease

Bone disease in thyrotoxicosis

Thyrotoxicosis, a clinical syndrome characterized by manifestations of excess thyroid hormone, is one of the commonly-recognised conditions of the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis causes acceleration of bone remodelling and though it is one of the known risk factors for osteoporosis, the metabolic effects of thyroxine on bone are not well discussed. Studies show that thyroid hormones have effects ...

Graves’ Disease and the Manifestations of Thyrotoxicosis

Graves' disease includes thyrotoxicosis, goiter, exophthalmos, and pretibial myxedema when fully expressed, but can occur with one or more of these features. Graves' disease is a disease of "autoimmunity", but the final cause of autoimmunity remains unclear. A strong hereditary tendency is present. Inheritance of HLA antigens DR3, DQ 2, and DQA1*0501 predispose to Graves' disease. The abnormal ...

Co-existence of Addison's disease and thyrotoxicosis.

Addison's disease and thyrotoxicosis presenting simultaneously.

The simultaneous presentation of two endocrinological diseases is uncommon. A case is discussed in which Addison's disease and thyrotoxicosis were discovered in an individual following presentation as an emergency neurological problem.

Efficiently Merging Symbolic Rules into Integrated Rules

Neurules are a type of neuro-symbolic rules integrating neurocomputing and production rules. Each neurule is represented as an adaline unit. Neurules exhibit characteristics such as modularity, naturalness and ability to perform interactive and integrated inferences. One way of producing a neurule base is through conversion of an existing symbolic rule base yielding an equivalent but more compa...